You are correct, they are too young to pair off at the moment. I don't think anyone could give you the absolute conclusive answer to why this has happened, we can really only surmise. You've probably got two Oscars that have ganged up on the others and given them a dam good kicking. However, please check your water conditions just to make sure that it isn't something else that may have something to do with the death of these Oscars. What you've got to remember that Oscars aren't aggressive cichlids, they are actually quite placid. Unfortunately, you do get a few the are aggressive. This can sometimes upset the whole tank. Of all the Oscars I've ever had, I've never had a problem with serious aggression, so that tells you that this kind of problem doesn't crop up all the time.
In my opinion, you should only keep two Oscars together, unless you have got a very large aquarium. Okay, if you want to pair some off, you have to keep more than two but in the longer run, just stick to the two Oscars. There is always the exception as somebody will probably say on here. My philosophy is, better safe than sorry.
I don't think there's anything written in stone that says exactly how it should be done. You'll find that lots of people do things in a different way and have success.